Power Outage Home Resilience Manual

This manual begins when the power fails. The Home Resilience Guide covers planning ahead across water, food, communication, shelter, and household needs; this page keeps the first hour and first day in a usable order.

Use the Outage Readiness Planner before an outage to record essential loads, supplies, contacts, and backup locations. A calculator can organize a plan, but it cannot determine whether a damaged home is safe to occupy.

The first hour

1. Check for immediate danger. Look and listen for smoke alarms, carbon monoxide alarms, sparks, damaged wiring, gas odor, flooding, downed lines, or structural damage. Leave and call for help when needed.
2. Confirm the scope. Check the utility outage map or official local alerts if a connection is available. Do not approach utility equipment or downed lines.
3. Protect health needs. Follow the care plan for refrigerated medicine, powered medical equipment, mobility, heat, or cold. Contact the relevant clinician, equipment provider, utility, or emergency service when the backup plan cannot be maintained.
4. Preserve communication. Lower screen brightness, enable a power-saving mode, and send one short status message to the agreed contact.
5. Protect food. Keep refrigerator and freezer doors closed. Follow current USDA food safety guidance for power outages.
6. Use light safely. Prefer flashlights and battery lanterns. Avoid candles.

Water and sanitation

An electrical outage can affect a private well, building pump, water treatment, sewage lift station, or municipal distribution system. Do not assume tap water is unsafe, but do not assume it will remain available either.

• Follow local boil-water or do-not-use notices exactly.
• Store water in food-grade containers and label the date.
• Keep treated drinking water separate from water intended only for cleaning or flushing.
• Never drink from a heating system, radiator, swimming pool, or container that held chemicals.
• If sewage backs up or floodwater enters the home, avoid contact and follow local public-health instructions.

Use the water storage safety guide to plan containers, rotation, and treatment limits, then adapt the baseline for pets, climate, mobility, and medical advice. The CDC emergency water supply guide provides the public-health baseline.

Food decisions

The safe plan is based on time, temperature, and official guidance, not smell or appearance.

• Keep appliance doors closed.
• Use a refrigerator or freezer thermometer when available.
• Move through no-cook shelf-stable food before creating a risky indoor cooking setup.
• Discard food when official guidance says it is unsafe. Tasting is not a safety test.
• If using a generator to power refrigeration, follow generator placement and electrical rules.

Plan familiar meals with the emergency food storage basics and Home Emergency Kit Guide.

Backup power by priority

List only loads that change safety or communication: an approved medical device, refrigerator, sump pump, a few lights, phones, or network equipment. Read each nameplate and manual.

The backup power systems guide separates generator, battery, and solar decisions. It does not confirm wiring, transfer equipment, grounding, placement, medical compatibility, or code compliance.

The CDC generator safety guidance requires generators outdoors and more than 20 feet from doors, windows, and vents. Never run an engine in a home, garage, basement, crawl space, shed, or enclosed porch. Never connect a generator to a household receptacle.

Cold-weather outages

Start with dry layers, bedding, draft control, and one occupied room. Use only maintained installed heat or portable equipment approved by the manufacturer for the exact location and operation.

Do not use a grill, camp stove, cooking oven, homemade alcohol burner, candle-and-flowerpot device, or temporary wood stove for room heat. Do not operate a heater or generator in a crawl space. Read Indoor Heating Safety During a Power Outage and the Winter Outage Guide.

Leave for a safe heated location before cold stress, depleted fuel, or poor road conditions remove that option.

Hot-weather outages

Extreme heat can make a home unsafe even when supplies are adequate.

• Close blinds on sun-facing windows and use the coolest safe room.
• Drink water according to household medical guidance.
• Avoid strenuous activity during the hottest period.
• Do not rely on a fan alone when public-health officials warn that indoor heat is dangerous.
• Know the locations and hours of cooling centers announced by local authorities.

The CDC heat guidance lists warning signs of heat-related illness. Seek emergency help for confusion, loss of consciousness, or other severe symptoms.

Communication and information

Use official local emergency management, utility, weather, and public-health sources. A short household message can include:

Safe at home. Power is out. We have water and medication through tomorrow. Next check-in at 8 p.m.

Keep a printed contact list and an out-of-area relay person. The Emergency Communication Plan covers phone, radio, satellite, and paper backups without assuming any one method will work.

Reassess each day

Ask the same questions at a consistent time:

• Is anyone’s health or temperature becoming harder to manage?
• Is potable water sufficient through the next day?
• Which food must be used or discarded?
• Which batteries or fuel reserves remain?
• Are smoke and carbon monoxide alarms working?
• Are official conditions improving or worsening?
• Can we leave safely if the home stops being suitable?

Write down the answers. Fatigue makes informal estimates unreliable.

Keep one daily outage log

Use the same row each day so a change is visible before memory and fatigue blur the trend. Put the leave trigger in writing while transportation and a safe destination are still available.

Leave or get help when the plan no longer works

Follow evacuation orders. Leave for a safe location or call for help when alarms activate, anyone has urgent symptoms, water or sanitation becomes unsafe, the home cannot be kept at a safe temperature, essential medical support fails, or structural, electrical, gas, flood, or fire damage is present.

If restoration will extend beyond the first day, move to Long Power Outage Planning for the daily water, food, power, care, and relocation decisions.